Re: Just in case you use, or were thinking of using kohl........DON'T!

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Posted by Kate C. on February 23, 2005 at 15:14:40:

In reply to: Just in case you use, or were thinking of using kohl........DON'T! posted by Catherine Cartwright-Jones on February 23, 2005 at 14:42:14:

: I was doing a research run on kohl today, working up an article for
: harquus.
:
: Just in case you thought kohl was safe, sexy and had to be good
: because it was traditional, and someone told you it was safe:
NuhHuh.
: Ignorance is NOT bliss. Ignorance can lead to brain damage. Read
: the abstracts of five published medical journal articles:
:
: 1:
:
: Kohl (surma): a toxic traditional eye cosmetic study in Saudi
Arabia.
: By: Al-Ashban, R.M.; Aslam, M.; Shah, A.H.. Public Health, Jun2004,
: Vol. 118 Issue 4, p292, 7p, 3 charts, 2bw; (AN 13383334)
:
: The use of kohl (surma) as eyeliner is a popular practice in Saudi
: Arabia and people firmly believe that it is safe to use. A total of
: 107 kohl samples (branded and unbranded) were collected from
different
: regions of Saudi Arabia, and analysed for the presence of read. In
: addition, aluminium and antimony revels were also determined. Lead
: revels up to 53% were detected in some kohl preparations, and some
: samples were found to contain camphor and menthol. The blood
analyses
: of regular kohl users revealed a high lead concentration and
: relatively low haemoglobin levels. Due to the hearth risk, an
official
: public awareness campaign is suggested to encourage the use of
: lead-free kohl.
:
: 1The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of
Nottingham,
: Nottingham, UK
: 2Central Laboratory for Drug & Food Analysis, Ministry of Health,
: Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaISSN:0033-3506Accession Number:13383334
:
:
: 2:
:
: Composition of eye cosmetics (kohls) used in Cairo. By: Hardy,
Andrew
: D.; Walton, Richard I.; Vaishnav, Ragini. International Journal of
: Environmental Health Research, Feb2004, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p83, 9p;
DOI:
: 10.1080/09603120310001633859; (AN 11622297)
:
: A total of 18 kohl samples were analysed using X-ray powder
: diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the
: samples were purchased in Cairo and eleven of them originated in
: Egypt. The main component of six samples was found to be galena
(PbS);
: where four of these samples originated in Egypt and two in India.
For
: a further ten samples the main component was found to be one of the
: following: amorphous carbon, calcite (CaCO 3 ), cuprite (Cu 2 O),
: goethite (FeO(OH)), elemental silicon or talc (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2
: ). For the last two samples the main component of each was an
unknown
: amorphous organic compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
:
:
: 3:
:
: Childhood Lead Poisoning Through Kohl. By: Mojdehi, Goli M.;
Gurtner,
: Jan. American Journal of Public Health, Apr96, Vol. 86 Issue 4,
p587,
: 2p; (AN 9605102355)
:
:
: The article examines the role of kohl as a source of lead poisoning
: among Middle Eastern children. Of the population surveyed, 85
percent
: were from the Middle East, India, and Pakistan, and 15 percent were
: from Africa. Women who had not used kohl on their babies were asked
to
: make assumptions about the use of this product on babies. Women
: usually gave several explanations as to why they used this product.
: Not only did kohl usage have a cosmetic value for these women, it
: usually also carried a deeper significance. Some attached
traditional
: values, others medicinal or health values, and also religious
: significance to the use of this product. Cleaning the eyes, reducing
: soreness or redness of the eye, and increasing visual acuity were
: cited as health or medicinal benefits. Fifty-seven percent of the
: women were not aware of the danger of kohl lead poisoning and only
: 37.5 percent knew that kohl contained lead. Women did not know that
: lead crosses the placenta and that pregnant women wearing kohl can
: expose their infants to the danger of kohl lead poisoning.
:
:
: 4:
:
: Surma and lead poisoning. By: Ali, Aulfat R.; Smales, Oliver R.C.;
: Aslam, Mohamed. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 9/30/78, Vol. 2 Issue
: 6142, p915, 2p, 2 charts, 1bw; (AN 4929178)
:
: Examines the toxic effect of surma. Use of surma for the treatment
of
: conjunctivitis; Measurement of blood lead concentration after
: treatment; Occurrence of lead encephalopathy after treatment.
:
:
: 5:
:
: Factors associated with elevated blood lead concentrations in
children
: in Karachi, Pakistan. By: Rahbar, Mohammad Hossein; White,,
Franklin;
: Agboatwalla, Mubina; Hozhabri, Siroos; Luby, Stephen. Bulletin of
the
: World Health Organization, 2002, Vol. 80 Issue 10, p769, 7p, 3
charts;
: (AN 7683506)
:
: Objectives To confirm whether blood lead concentrations in Karachi
: were as high as reported in 1989 and to identify which types of
: exposure to lead contribute most to elevated blood lead
concentrations
: in children in Karachi. Methods A total of 430 children aged 36–60
: months were selected through a geographically stratified design from
: the city centre, two suburbs, a rural community and an island
situated
: within the harbour at Karachi. Blood samples were collected from
: children and a pretested questionnaire was administered to assess
the
: effect of various types of exposure. Cooked food, drinking-water and
: house dust samples were collected from households. Findings About
80%
: of children had blood lead concentrations >10µg/dl, with an overall
: mean of 15.6µg/dl. At the 5% level of significance, houses nearer to
: the main intersection in the city centre, application of surma to
: children's eyes, father's exposure to lead at workplace, parents'
: illiteracy and child's habit of hand-to-mouth activity were among
: variables associated with elevated lead concentrations in blood.
: Conclusion These findings are of public health concern, as most
: children in Karachi are likely to suffer some degree of intellectual
: impairment as a result of environmental lead exposure. We believe
that
: there is enough evidence of the continuing problem of lead in petrol
: to prompt the petroleum industry to take action. The evidence also
: shows the need for appropriate interventions in reducing the burden
: due to other factors associated with this toxic element. [ABSTRACT
: FROM AUTHOR]
:
: If you need to pass this on to someone, I'll have it written up in
: harquus.com and the encyclopedia of henna shortly, or send them the
: link to this post. Firsthand citations of medical journal articles
: has a useful level of credability.

There are a couple of American products (I think Sally Hansen has
one?) that bill themselves as kohl. How do they relate to this
research?

Kate C.

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Re: Just in case you use, or were thinking of using kohl........DON'T! Catherine Cartwright-Jones 15:46:01 2/23/2005 (0)

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: : I was doing a research run on kohl today, working up an article for : : harquus. : : : : Just in case you thought kohl was safe, sexy and had to be good : : because it was traditional, and someone told you it was safe: : NuhHuh. : : Ignorance is NOT bliss. Ignorance can lead to brain damage. Read : : the abstracts of five published medical journal articles: : : : : 1: : : : : Kohl (surma): a toxic traditional eye cosmetic study in Saudi : Arabia. : : By: Al-Ashban, R.M.; Aslam, M.; Shah, A.H.. Public Health, Jun2004, : : Vol. 118 Issue 4, p292, 7p, 3 charts, 2bw; (AN 13383334) : : : : The use of kohl (surma) as eyeliner is a popular practice in Saudi : : Arabia and people firmly believe that it is safe to use. A total of : : 107 kohl samples (branded and unbranded) were collected from : different : : regions of Saudi Arabia, and analysed for the presence of read. In : : addition, aluminium and antimony revels were also determined. Lead : : revels up to 53% were detected in some kohl preparations, and some : : samples were found to contain camphor and menthol. The blood : analyses : : of regular kohl users revealed a high lead concentration and : : relatively low haemoglobin levels. Due to the hearth risk, an : official : : public awareness campaign is suggested to encourage the use of : : lead-free kohl. : : : : 1The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of : Nottingham, : : Nottingham, UK : : 2Central Laboratory for Drug & Food Analysis, Ministry of Health, : : Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaISSN:0033-3506Accession Number:13383334 : : : : : : 2: : : : : Composition of eye cosmetics (kohls) used in Cairo. By: Hardy, : Andrew : : D.; Walton, Richard I.; Vaishnav, Ragini. International Journal of : : Environmental Health Research, Feb2004, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p83, 9p; : DOI: : : 10.1080/09603120310001633859; (AN 11622297) : : : : A total of 18 kohl samples were analysed using X-ray powder : : diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the : : samples were purchased in Cairo and eleven of them originated in : : Egypt. The main component of six samples was found to be galena : (PbS); : : where four of these samples originated in Egypt and two in India. : For : : a further ten samples the main component was found to be one of the : : following: amorphous carbon, calcite (CaCO 3 ), cuprite (Cu 2 O), : : goethite (FeO(OH)), elemental silicon or talc (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 : : ). For the last two samples the main component of each was an : unknown : : amorphous organic compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] : : : : : : 3: : : : : Childhood Lead Poisoning Through Kohl. By: Mojdehi, Goli M.; : Gurtner, : : Jan. American Journal of Public Health, Apr96, Vol. 86 Issue 4, : p587, : : 2p; (AN 9605102355) : : : : : : The article examines the role of kohl as a source of lead poisoning : : among Middle Eastern children. Of the population surveyed, 85 : percent : : were from the Middle East, India, and Pakistan, and 15 percent were : : from Africa. Women who had not used kohl on their babies were asked : to : : make assumptions about the use of this product on babies. Women : : usually gave several explanations as to why they used this product. : : Not only did kohl usage have a cosmetic value for these women, it : : usually also carried a deeper significance. Some attached : traditional : : values, others medicinal or health values, and also religious : : significance to the use of this product. Cleaning the eyes, reducing : : soreness or redness of the eye, and increasing visual acuity were : : cited as health or medicinal benefits. Fifty-seven percent of the : : women were not aware of the danger of kohl lead poisoning and only : : 37.5 percent knew that kohl contained lead. Women did not know that : : lead crosses the placenta and that pregnant women wearing kohl can : : expose their infants to the danger of kohl lead poisoning. : : : : : : 4: : : : : Surma and lead poisoning. By: Ali, Aulfat R.; Smales, Oliver R.C.; : : Aslam, Mohamed. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 9/30/78, Vol. 2 Issue : : 6142, p915, 2p, 2 charts, 1bw; (AN 4929178) : : : : Examines the toxic effect of surma. Use of surma for the treatment : of : : conjunctivitis; Measurement of blood lead concentration after : : treatment; Occurrence of lead encephalopathy after treatment. : : : : : : 5: : : : : Factors associated with elevated blood lead concentrations in : children : : in Karachi, Pakistan. By: Rahbar, Mohammad Hossein; White,, : Franklin; : : Agboatwalla, Mubina; Hozhabri, Siroos; Luby, Stephen. Bulletin of : the : : World Health Organization, 2002, Vol. 80 Issue 10, p769, 7p, 3 : charts; : : (AN 7683506) : : : : Objectives To confirm whether blood lead concentrations in Karachi : : were as high as reported in 1989 and to identify which types of : : exposure to lead contribute most to elevated blood lead : concentrations : : in children in Karachi. Methods A total of 430 children aged 36–60 : : months were selected through a geographically stratified design from : : the city centre, two suburbs, a rural community and an island : situated : : within the harbour at Karachi. Blood samples were collected from : : children and a pretested questionnaire was administered to assess : the : : effect of various types of exposure. Cooked food, drinking-water and : : house dust samples were collected from households. Findings About : 80% : : of children had blood lead concentrations >10µg/dl, with an overall : : mean of 15.6µg/dl. At the 5% level of significance, houses nearer to : : the main intersection in the city centre, application of surma to : : children's eyes, father's exposure to lead at workplace, parents' : : illiteracy and child's habit of hand-to-mouth activity were among : : variables associated with elevated lead concentrations in blood. : : Conclusion These findings are of public health concern, as most : : children in Karachi are likely to suffer some degree of intellectual : : impairment as a result of environmental lead exposure. We believe : that : : there is enough evidence of the continuing problem of lead in petrol : : to prompt the petroleum industry to take action. The evidence also : : shows the need for appropriate interventions in reducing the burden : : due to other factors associated with this toxic element. [ABSTRACT : : FROM AUTHOR] : : : : If you need to pass this on to someone, I'll have it written up in : : harquus.com and the encyclopedia of henna shortly, or send them the : : link to this post. Firsthand citations of medical journal articles : : has a useful level of credability. : : : There are a couple of American products (I think Sally Hansen has : one?) that bill themselves as kohl. How do they relate to this : research? : : Kate C.
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